tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3007320849589782832024-03-12T18:27:07.496-07:00queentohistor-Electrical & Construction BlogQueentoHistor is an Electrical & construction Blog-Which will be posting articles about electrical items,switchgears, automations, building technologies, fire alarms, lightings etc.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14215332753179439319noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-300732084958978283.post-9834264732008922002015-03-10T04:32:00.003-07:002015-03-10T04:38:22.970-07:00High Voltage switches and its purpose<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT_BNplJUK_-UsAr9jb0lW7rMd30dBJNfx77Z34KAsDdrV5z2sedxeJAxeeLku6Cmdb9A0lUpndnLWoV3etKMbT_caVWw6TE3iDBfxmgW0ZV39YDlTZuk-t_BQn54M6Fd8zWFQJ3vqmU8p/s1600/purpose-of-high-voltage-circuit-switchers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT_BNplJUK_-UsAr9jb0lW7rMd30dBJNfx77Z34KAsDdrV5z2sedxeJAxeeLku6Cmdb9A0lUpndnLWoV3etKMbT_caVWw6TE3iDBfxmgW0ZV39YDlTZuk-t_BQn54M6Fd8zWFQJ3vqmU8p/s1600/purpose-of-high-voltage-circuit-switchers.jpg" height="320" width="251" /></a></div>
<b>3-Phase Protection And Interruption</b><br />
Circuit switches were developed for fusing and substation power transformers and to overcome its drawbacks. SF6 Gas interrupters in the circuit switchers are designed to <br />
<br />
provide 3-Phase Interruption and protection for transient over loads and over voltages at a better better price comparatively.<br />
<br />
Also it can provide protection from power <a href="http://www.scientechnic.com/BusinessUnitsPages.aspx?POWER-TRANSMISSION-DISTRIBUTION" target="_blank">transformers </a>bugs due to differential, sudden pressure, and over current relay schemas as well as critical operating constraints like low oil level, hight oil, temperature variations due to winding and pressure relief device operations.<br />
<br />
New models were designed with advanced interrupters that will reduce the amount of gaps needed for good performance to a 1 Gap per phase, because it needs to eliminate the <br />
<br />
necessity of the disconnect switch blades in series with interrupter.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14215332753179439319noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-300732084958978283.post-6221663515400779422015-02-24T04:54:00.003-08:002015-02-24T04:54:38.031-08:00Steinmetz on Electrical Engineering Education in 1908<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
If it feels like people have been sounding off on electrical
engineering education for years, then perhaps here’s some evidence from
over a century ago to confirm this. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz">Charles P. Steinmetz</a>, one of the giants of the field, wrote a scathing critique of engineering education in a 1908 paper titled “Electrical Engineering Education”..<br />
<br />
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" /><br />
<br />
Below are some of the choice snippets from the paper (in no
particular order), some of which are as relevant now as they were over a
hundred years ago:<br />
<em>“When the student enters college he is not receptive to an in</em><em>telligent
understanding, for after a four years’ dose in the high school of the
same vicious method of memorizing a large mass of half and even less
understood matters, the student finds it far easier to memorize the
contents of his textbooks than to use his intelligence to understand the
subject matter. After graduation, years of practice do for the better
class of students what the college should have done-teach them to
understand things.”</em><br />
<em>“Fortunately, the better technical colleges realize that the
first requirement of an electrical engineer is a thorough general
education, and begin to realize that for this purpose it is not
sufficient; to require general subjects for college entrance and
relegate their study to the high school: for even if the average high
school were what it should be and not what it actually is, much of the
general knowledge required by an educated man cannot be taught in the
high school, since during the high-school years the intelligence of the
boy is not sufficiently ripened for its grasp, and a review in the
college is necessary.”</em><br />
<em>“The glaring fault of the college curriculum is that quantity and
not quality seems to be the object sought: the amount of instruction
crowded into a four years’ course is far beyond that which even the
better kind of student can possibly digest. Memorizing details largely
takes the place of understanding principles, with the result that a year
after graduation much of the matter which had been taught has passed
out of the memory of the student, and even examinations given to the
senior class on subjects taught during the freshman and sophomore years,
reveal conditions which are startling and rather condemnatory to the
present methods of teaching.”</em><br />
<em>“The great defect of the engineering college is the insufficient
remuneration of the teaching staff: the salaries paid are far below
those which the same class of men command in industrial work, and as a
result the college cannot compete with the industry for its men, but
most of the very best men are out of reach for the colleges.”</em></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14215332753179439319noreply@blogger.com0